Protection of cultural and architectural heritage represents an interdisciplinary challenge due to the coexistence of historical, artistic and structural issues. Notable historical earthquakes pointed out the inherent vulnerability of the masonry buildings, in particular those belonging to architectural complexes in the form of building aggregates. The activity of the Italian Authorities showed a strong effort in this field with the release of a comprehensive program aimed at assessing the seismic vulnerability of critical buildings and infrastructures including historical and architectural assets. In the light of the uncertainties arising from material characterization and structural behaviour, prevention and preservation has become a complex task in seismic regions. The issues related to the definition of an appropriate structural and dynamic model often jeopardize the reliability of seismic analysis. A primary concern is the discrimination between the local response of selected macro elements and the global response of the structure. In such a context, vibration based dynamic identification techniques deployed their attractiveness due to definition of automated and effective procedures able to extracted modal parameters from available measurements records. This process is basically well established for these structures, where dynamics is clear and discussed by a reasonable number of degrees of freedom. In this framework, a new procedure based on well-established vector correlation ( Modal Assurance Criterion - MAC index), frequently used in the field of experimental modal analysis, point out how it can support a rational discrimination of the global and local mode, in the field of dynamic structural identification and monitoring is presented. The proposed methodology is validated based on the results obtained from a number of simulated case studies and by an experimental validation case. In the protection process of the cultural and architectural heritage, the assessment of the structural conditions is needed to plan cost-effective remedial measures, before the extension of damage leads the systems to stop operation, requiring expensive in depth interventions. In this context, structural damage identification at an early stage plays an important role for developing effective and reliable procedures for performance assessment of historical structures in seismic areas. Damage on masonry structures mainly relates to cracks, foundation settlements, material degradation and displacements. Dynamic based methods to assess the damage are an attractive tool to this type of structures because they are non-destructive methods and are able to capture the global structural behaviour. An existing robust spectral-based algorithm able to detect, locate and assess the structural damage, suitable for both output-only and input-output dynamic identification techniques, is validated by means of numerical and experimental explanatory campaign carried out on the masonry arch replica.
La protezione del patrimonio culturale e architettonico rappresenta una sfida interdisciplinare dovuta alla coesistenza di problemi storici, artistici e strutturali. Notevoli terremoti storici hanno evidenziato l'intrinseca vulnerabilità degli edifici in muratura, in particolare quelli appartenenti a complessi architettonici sotto forma di aggregati di edifici. L'attività delle autorità italiane ha mostrato un forte impegno in questo campo con il rilascio di un programma completo volto a valutare la vulnerabilità sismica di edifici e infrastrutture critiche, compresi i beni storici e architettonici. Alla luce delle incertezze derivanti dalla caratterizzazione materiale e dal comportamento strutturale, la prevenzione e la conservazione sono diventate un compito complesso nelle regioni sismiche. Le questioni relative alla definizione di un modello strutturale e dinamico appropriato spesso mettono a repentaglio l'affidabilità dell'analisi sismica. Una preoccupazione primaria è la discriminazione tra la risposta locale di macroelementi selezionati e la risposta globale della struttura. In tale contesto, le tecniche di identificazione dinamica basate sulle vibrazioni hanno visto l’ implementazione delle loro attrattiva grazie alla definizione di procedure automatizzate ed efficaci, in grado di estrarre i parametri modali dai record di misurazioni disponibili. Questo processo è fondamentalmente ben definito per queste strutture, in cui il comportamento dinamico è chiaramente definito mediante un ragionevole numero di gradi di libertà. Con riferimento a quanto descritto, viene presentata una nuova procedura basata su un indice di correlazione vettoriale ben consolidata (Modal Assurance Criterion - MAC), frequentemente utilizzato nel campo dell'analisi modale sperimentale, ed in grado di supportare la discriminazione razionale dei modi globali e locali nel campo dell'identificazione strutturale e del monitoraggio dinamico. La metodologia proposta è validata sulla base dei risultati ottenuti da un numero di casi studio numerici e attraverso un caso sperimentale. Nel processo di tutela del patrimonio esistente , la valutazione delle condizioni strutturali è necessaria per pianificare misure correttive efficaci in termini di costi, prima che l'estensione del danno porti i sistemi a interrompere lo stato di operabilità, richiedendo maggiori costi di intervento. In questo contesto, l'identificazione del danno strutturale in una fase iniziale svolge un ruolo importante nello sviluppo di procedure efficaci e affidabili per la valutazione delle prestazioni delle strutture storiche nelle aree sismiche. I danni sulle strutture in muratura si riferiscono principalmente a fessurazioni, insediamenti di fondazione, degrado del materiale e spostamenti. I metodi basati sulla dinamica per valutare il danno rappresentano uno strumento allettante per questo tipo di strutture, perché sono metodi non distruttivi e sono in grado di catturare il comportamento strutturale globale. Un affidabile algoritmo spettrale, adatto sia per tecniche di identificazione dinamica in uscita che in entrata, in grado di rilevare, localizzare e valutare il danno strutturale, viene validato mediante campagne esplicative numeriche e sperimentali eseguite sulla replica di un arco storico in muratura.
Vibration based methods for the structural assessment of historical structures
BRIGANTE, Daniele
2019-05-21
Abstract
Protection of cultural and architectural heritage represents an interdisciplinary challenge due to the coexistence of historical, artistic and structural issues. Notable historical earthquakes pointed out the inherent vulnerability of the masonry buildings, in particular those belonging to architectural complexes in the form of building aggregates. The activity of the Italian Authorities showed a strong effort in this field with the release of a comprehensive program aimed at assessing the seismic vulnerability of critical buildings and infrastructures including historical and architectural assets. In the light of the uncertainties arising from material characterization and structural behaviour, prevention and preservation has become a complex task in seismic regions. The issues related to the definition of an appropriate structural and dynamic model often jeopardize the reliability of seismic analysis. A primary concern is the discrimination between the local response of selected macro elements and the global response of the structure. In such a context, vibration based dynamic identification techniques deployed their attractiveness due to definition of automated and effective procedures able to extracted modal parameters from available measurements records. This process is basically well established for these structures, where dynamics is clear and discussed by a reasonable number of degrees of freedom. In this framework, a new procedure based on well-established vector correlation ( Modal Assurance Criterion - MAC index), frequently used in the field of experimental modal analysis, point out how it can support a rational discrimination of the global and local mode, in the field of dynamic structural identification and monitoring is presented. The proposed methodology is validated based on the results obtained from a number of simulated case studies and by an experimental validation case. In the protection process of the cultural and architectural heritage, the assessment of the structural conditions is needed to plan cost-effective remedial measures, before the extension of damage leads the systems to stop operation, requiring expensive in depth interventions. In this context, structural damage identification at an early stage plays an important role for developing effective and reliable procedures for performance assessment of historical structures in seismic areas. Damage on masonry structures mainly relates to cracks, foundation settlements, material degradation and displacements. Dynamic based methods to assess the damage are an attractive tool to this type of structures because they are non-destructive methods and are able to capture the global structural behaviour. An existing robust spectral-based algorithm able to detect, locate and assess the structural damage, suitable for both output-only and input-output dynamic identification techniques, is validated by means of numerical and experimental explanatory campaign carried out on the masonry arch replica.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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