La gestione del conflitto sindacale nelle relazioni industriali nell'Unione Europea

Object of the search is the analysis of the management of the trade-union conflict in the industrial relations in the European Union, and in particular the absence of the acknowledgment of strike between the legislative matters of competence of the European Community. The study is structured in three chapters. The first one is dedicated to the examination of the fundamental aspects of the system of industrial relations in Europe; in particular they go over again the stages of the evolution of the social dialogue, the main actors and rules, the different kind of organization of the social parts, the forms of participation of the workers let alone the system of the industrial relations in the European Union. The second chapter focuses on the topic of the acknowledgment inside of “communitarian” fundamental of the social rights and of the strike right. In particular, in the middle paragraphs the attention is focused on the right of the workers to resort to collective actions for the defense of own interests, thus like sanctioned in the Paper of the Fundamental Rights of European Community, (proclaimed in Nizza 18 December 2000). Although such important acknowledgment, the regulation of the strike right is not included between the legislative matters of competence of European Community (art. 137.5, del TUE, ora art. 153.5 TFUE). The exclusion can be read like expression of the political will of the Member States to respect the national standards, renouncing to any interference of the communitarian right in a branch in which it is difficult to show normative agreements in reason of the excessive difference of the national disciplines. Such chosen it has, however, determined a great differentiation between the national disciplines, with detail reference to the regulation of strike in the essential public services. The topic of the exclusion has been reproposed and intensified during the last few years as a result of a series of judgment of the Law court, relative to the cases Viking, Laval and, recently, Commission vs Germany. In particular, in the second paragraph are analyzed the Viking and Laval sentences, matched not only by content but also by the temporal proximity, the first of 11 December, the second of December 18 2007. They records a change regarding the precedence phase of indifference, as for the first time, the strike right is recognized like fundamental right of the European Union. The focus is also on the recent ruling by the Strasbourg Court on right to strike, in its judgment of 21 April 2009 Enerij would mark a clear development of the case, as it could be argued that the Court has held that the right to strike, as long as it is exercised to support collective negotiation, it is equally essential to freedom of association and therefore directly recognized and protected by art. 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The third chapter, at last, proposes, therefore, to analyze comparatively the legal approaches adopted by the Italian, French, English and German rules, about the discipline of the collective self-defense and the right to strike in essential public services in main countries of European Union, where the different national rules make difficult a compare aimed to the reach of a common framework. In particular, the Italian legislation with a provision for a special Commission of guarantee, represents a unique case in Europe and place Italy in a more advanced position than the member States. Indeed, to this authority, are entrusted assessment tasks and regulatory in relation to essential services, that must guarantee to the citizens the possibility of continuing to enjoy, albeit with some limitations, of their constitutionally protected rights.