According to the latest available edition of the survey She figures published by the European Commission in 2013, women in Europe represent only 33% of European researchers, 20% of the professors and 15.5 % of the directors in the institutions in higher education. These data need to be added to those of university women students (55%) and graduates (59%) that although they have surpassed men in 2012, still cannot overcome the PhD students and post-docs (women represent, respectively, 49 % and 46%). About Italy, the AlmaLaurea research 2012, shows that 60.3% of graduates are women, that at same graduating women graduate at 26.7 years against 27.3 years of the boys; that women employing less time respect to men (4,7 years against 4.9 years ); that women have higher test scores (104.1 versus 101.4). In 31.12.2013, the total number of professors in all Italian Universities, was of 34,156 male compared to 19,290 of female gender. The world document Bibliometrics: gender inequality in the world of science 2014, the first global and interdisciplinary study dedicated to gender inequality in research, shows that more than 70% of the signatures of over 5 million items analyzed belongs to Gender male, against 30% of women. And it demonstrates that for every scientific publication only one had a woman like first author, while there are two articles having a man like first author. There are different cultural and sociological reasons behind these trends that would explain the lack of women in scientific research, which would be accompanied by the difficulty of the women to perpetuate the career: the idea of gender blindness of science, the thesis of the pipeline, the phenomenon of the chilly climate, the phenomenon of homosociability. In addition, there is the social concept of “glass ceiling” that represents the popular image of the invisible barriers that women find and they must overcome in their careers. These barriers act as obstacles in spite of skills and positive benefits for women that work, accompanying the gender schema and gender stereotypes. To try to stop the trend, Europe is moving on two-tracks: on one side, creating the Women's Charter that consists in a work strategic program to improve female gender working conditions in the EU (contained in the Strategy for Equality between Women and Men 2010-2015); on the other side, the European Commission launched, last October, the three-year campaign "Science: it's a girl thing " to encourage girls to approach the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Secondo l’ultima edizione disponibile dell'indagine She figures, pubblicata dalla Commissione Europea nel 2013, le donne in Europa rappresentano soltanto il 33% dei ricercatori europei, il 20% dei professori ordinari e il 15,5% dei direttori delle istituzioni nel settore dell'istruzione superiore. A questi dati si aggiungono quelli delle studentesse universitarie (55%) e laureate (59%) che sebbene abbiano superato gli uomini nel 2012, non riescono ancora a superare gli studenti di dottorato e i dottori di ricerca (le donne sono, rispettivamente, il 49% e il 46%). Per quanto riguarda l’Italia, dal rapporto AlmaLaurea 2012, si evince che il 60,3% dei laureati sono donne, che le stesse si laureano a 26,7 anni contro i 27,3 dei ragazzi; che impiegano meno tempo (4,7anni contro 4,9 anni); che si laureano di più in corso (40,3% contro 36,9%) e che ottengono voti più alti (104,1 contro 101,4). Al 31.12.2013, sul totale dei docenti di ruolo in tutti gli Atenei Italiani ben 34.156 erano di sesso maschile contro i 19.290 di genere femminile. Il “Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science” del 2014, il primo studio globale ed interdisciplinare dedicato alla disparità di genere proprio nei settori tecno-scientifici, ha rilevato attraverso il Web of Science Database che più del 70% delle firme degli oltre 5 milioni di articoli analizzati fosse di genere maschile, contro il 30% delle donne e che per ogni pubblicazione scientifica che ha una donna come primo autore, ce ne sono due che hanno un uomo come prima firma. Diverse le ragioni culturali e sociologiche alla base di questi trend che spiegherebbero la scarsa presenza delle donne nell’ambito della ricerca scientifica, a cui si accompagnerebbe anche la difficoltà delle stesse di perpetuare la carriera: l’idea del gender blindness of science, la tesi del pipeline, il fenomeno del chilly climate, il fenomeno dell’homosociability. A ciò si aggiunge l’ormai nota metafora del glass ceiling (soffitto di cristallo) immagine popolare per riferirsi alle barriere invisibili che le donne incontrano nel fare carriera. Barriere che funzionano da sbarramento a dispetto di competenze e performance positive e che si accompagnano ai cosiddetti gender schema e agli stereotipi di genere. Per cercare di arginare il fenomeno, l’Europa si sta muovendo su un doppio binario: da una parte ha elaborato la Carta per le donne, come programma di lavoro stratetico per migliorare le condizioni lavorative del genere femminile in UE - Strategia per la parità tra donne e uomini 2010-2015; dall’altra, la Commissione Europea ha avviato, lo scorso ottobre, la campagna triennale “Science: it’s a girl thing” per incoraggiare le ragazze ad accostarsi allo studio di scienza, tecnologia, ingegneria e matematica.
Donne e ricerca: "fare" genere nell'ambito scientifico
BARBA, Davide;D'AMBROSIO M.
2015-01-01
Abstract
According to the latest available edition of the survey She figures published by the European Commission in 2013, women in Europe represent only 33% of European researchers, 20% of the professors and 15.5 % of the directors in the institutions in higher education. These data need to be added to those of university women students (55%) and graduates (59%) that although they have surpassed men in 2012, still cannot overcome the PhD students and post-docs (women represent, respectively, 49 % and 46%). About Italy, the AlmaLaurea research 2012, shows that 60.3% of graduates are women, that at same graduating women graduate at 26.7 years against 27.3 years of the boys; that women employing less time respect to men (4,7 years against 4.9 years ); that women have higher test scores (104.1 versus 101.4). In 31.12.2013, the total number of professors in all Italian Universities, was of 34,156 male compared to 19,290 of female gender. The world document Bibliometrics: gender inequality in the world of science 2014, the first global and interdisciplinary study dedicated to gender inequality in research, shows that more than 70% of the signatures of over 5 million items analyzed belongs to Gender male, against 30% of women. And it demonstrates that for every scientific publication only one had a woman like first author, while there are two articles having a man like first author. There are different cultural and sociological reasons behind these trends that would explain the lack of women in scientific research, which would be accompanied by the difficulty of the women to perpetuate the career: the idea of gender blindness of science, the thesis of the pipeline, the phenomenon of the chilly climate, the phenomenon of homosociability. In addition, there is the social concept of “glass ceiling” that represents the popular image of the invisible barriers that women find and they must overcome in their careers. These barriers act as obstacles in spite of skills and positive benefits for women that work, accompanying the gender schema and gender stereotypes. To try to stop the trend, Europe is moving on two-tracks: on one side, creating the Women's Charter that consists in a work strategic program to improve female gender working conditions in the EU (contained in the Strategy for Equality between Women and Men 2010-2015); on the other side, the European Commission launched, last October, the three-year campaign "Science: it's a girl thing " to encourage girls to approach the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
