Competition between jurisdictions traditionally characterises commercial law, but has had a peculiar development in corporate law first in the US and then in the EU thanks to private international law rules that have allowed forum shopping phenomena. Against this backdrop, the relocation of major Italian listed companies to the Netherlands leads one to look for reasons in regulatory arbitrage in various areas, including corporate governance. The policy response requires an analysis of the phenomenon in functional and ‘holistic’ terms. In fact, a comparison between individual legal institutions (e.g. multiple voting shares or loyalty shares) is not sufficient, but it is necessary to comparatively verify how each system responds to certain requirements, including the appointment of management bodies and the control of strategic decisions. In addition, the comparison must extend to the role of judicial and supervisory institutions and certain tax profiles. Overall, the Italian legal system can be improved in several respects, simplifying governance and making supervision more efficient, but it is up to the European legislator to secure the markets from abusive corporate and managerial conduct by redefining and harmonising regulation on the basis of a functional approach.

La competizione tra ordinamenti caratterizza tradizionalmente il diritto commerciale, ma ha avuto uno sviluppo peculiare nel diritto societario prima negli USA e poi nell’UE grazie a regole di diritto internazionale privato che hanno consentito fenomeni di forum shopping. In questo quadro, il trasferimento di importanti società quotate italiane in Olanda induce a ricercarne le ragioni nell’arbitraggio regolamentare in vari ambiti, tra cui quello della corporate governance. La risposta in chiave di policy richiede un’analisi del fenomeno in termini funzionali ed “olistici”. Non è infatti sufficiente un confronto tra singoli istituti giuridici (ad es. azioni a voto multiplo o azioni di fedeltà), ma occorre verificare comparativamente come ogni ordinamento risponde a determinate esigenze, tra cui la designazione degli organi di gestione ed il controllo delle decisioni strategiche. Inoltre, la comparazione deve estendersi al ruolo delle istituzioni giudiziarie e di vigilanza e ad alcuni profili fiscali. Nel complesso, in diversi profili l’ordinamento italiano può essere migliorato, semplificando la governance e rendendo più efficiente la vigilanza, ma spetta al legislatore europeo garantire i mercati da condotte societarie e gestorie abusive, ridefinendo ed armonizzando la regolazione in base ad un approccio funzionale.

Corporate Governance e arbitraggio regolamentare. Premesse metodologiche e valutazioni operative

F. Pernazza
2024-01-01

Abstract

Competition between jurisdictions traditionally characterises commercial law, but has had a peculiar development in corporate law first in the US and then in the EU thanks to private international law rules that have allowed forum shopping phenomena. Against this backdrop, the relocation of major Italian listed companies to the Netherlands leads one to look for reasons in regulatory arbitrage in various areas, including corporate governance. The policy response requires an analysis of the phenomenon in functional and ‘holistic’ terms. In fact, a comparison between individual legal institutions (e.g. multiple voting shares or loyalty shares) is not sufficient, but it is necessary to comparatively verify how each system responds to certain requirements, including the appointment of management bodies and the control of strategic decisions. In addition, the comparison must extend to the role of judicial and supervisory institutions and certain tax profiles. Overall, the Italian legal system can be improved in several respects, simplifying governance and making supervision more efficient, but it is up to the European legislator to secure the markets from abusive corporate and managerial conduct by redefining and harmonising regulation on the basis of a functional approach.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11695/145709
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