AIM To examine and compare the diagnostic performance in the detection of acute posterior circulation strokes between qualitative evaluation of software-generated colour maps and automatic assessment of CT perfusion (CTP) parameters by RAPID. METHODS AND MATERIALS Imaging data were retrospectively collected from a prospective database of consecutive patients undergone to multimodal CT scan dataset (GE “Lightspeed” a 64 slices) including CTP performed on admission (<24h after symptom onset) between January 2016 and December 2018. Follow-up imaging consisted in non-contrast CT (NCCT). If clinically indicated, MRI (Philips Intera 3.0 T or Philips Achieva Ingenia 1.5T) was performed either soon after the CTP at the admission or later as follow-up control including DWI and FLAIR sequences. The Posterior circulation - Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECT score) was used for quantifying the extent of ischaemic areas on initial NCCT and color-coded maps generated by CTP4 software ( cerebral blood flow, CBF; cerebral blood volume, CBV; mean transit time, MTT). Final pc-ASPECTS was calculated on follow-up NCCT and/or on MRI if performed. Afterwards, CTP data were also processed by RAPID software (iSchemia View) obtaining color-coded maps, including time-to maximum (Tmax), and automatic quantitative mismatch maps. RESULTS A total of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. 6 out of the 50 patients did not show ischemic core at follow-up imaging neither alteration of at least two perfusion parameters in the same location and were grouped as negative controls. All patients underwent to follow-up NCCT and 28 of them also underwent DWI-MRI. Out of the 28 patients undergone MRI, 14 patients (50%) underwent DWI study within 8 hours after multimodal CT study at admission. The sensitivity (SE) of qualitative evaluation of color-coded MTT-CTP4D map and color-coded Tmax-RAPID map resulted significantly higher than the other ones (MTT: 88.6%, p<0.05; Tmax: 90.9%, p<0.05) with comparable diagnostic accuracy (ACC) (88%> 84%, p>0.05). NCCT at baseline and CBF provided by RAPID quantitative perfusion mismatch maps had the lowest SE (29.6% and 6.8% p<0.05, respectively) and ACC (38% and 18% p<0.05, respectively). CBF assessment provided by quantitative RAPID perfusion mismatch maps showed significant lowest SE (6.8%) in comparison to qualitative evaluations of both color-coded CBF-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps (81.8% and 61.4% respectively); no significant SE difference was found between qualitative evaluations of color-coded CBF-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps (81.8% > 61.4%, p>0.05).Qualitative evaluation of color-coded Tmax -RAPID maps showed significant higher SE and ACC than quantitative assessment of Tmax automatically provided by RAPID perfusion mismatch maps (90.9%>65.9% and 88%>70%, respectively). No significant differences were found between the pc-ASPECT scores assessed on color-coded MTT and Tmax maps neither between the scores assessed on color-coded CBV-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps. CONCLUSION Independently to the software employed, qualitative analysis of color-coded maps resulted more sensitive in the detection of ischemic changes than automatic quantitative analysis. The most sensitive perfusion parameters were MTT and Tmax. RAPID software generated mismatch maps overlooked and underestimated the extent of the ischemic core in the major part of the patients as compared with the qualitative analysis. The limits of identification of the lesions by automatic quantitative mismatch maps mainly lied in the thalamus and brainstem. Visual assessment of CTP pc-ASPECTS on color-coded perfusion maps revealed equivalence of both mismatch models (MTT-CBV and Tmax-CBF) commonly applied in acute setting with implications for treatment decision-making.
SCOPO Confrontare la performance diagnostica della valutazione qualitativa e quella automatica quantitativa delle immagini TC-perfusione nell’identificazione di core ischemico e penombra ischemica in pazienti con stroke ischemico acuto del circolo posteriore. MATERIALI E METODI Sono stati consecutivamente inclusi nello studio pazienti colpiti da ictus ischemico acuto in territorio di circolo posteriore sottoposti in regime di urgenza a protocollo multimodale TC (GE “Lightspeed” a 64 strati) includendo lo studio di perfusione, dal mese di gennaio 2016 al mese di dicembre 2018. Secondo necessità clinica, alcuni pazienti sono stati studiati al tempo 0 anche con RM (Philips “Intera” 3,0T o “Ingenia” 1,5T) mediante sequenze DWI e FLAIR, mentre altri sono stati sottoposti ad esame RM in un secondo momento. Per determinare l’estensione della lesione ischemica è stato utilizzato il punteggio Posterior circulation - Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECT score) applicato nella la valutazione semiquantitativa delle immagini TC basali e nelle mappe perfusionali mediante software CTP-4 (tempo di transito medio, MTT; volume ematico cerebrale, CBV; flusso ematico cerebrale, CBF) al tempo 0, delle sequenze DWI delle RM eseguite al tempo 0 o al controllo, e delle TC basali eseguite di controllo. Le acquisizioni TC perfusionali sono state, inoltre, rielaborate anche mediante il software RAPID (iSchemia View) ottenendo in modo automatico mappe perfusionali colorimetriche e quantitative, includendo anche il parametro tempo al picco massimo (Tmax). RISULTATI Sono stati inclusi 50 pazienti (34 maschi e 16 femmine) con età media di 71,9 anni, tutti sottoposti a protocollo TC multimodale (TC basale + angio-TC + TC perfusione) in acuto (< 24 ore dall’esordio dei sintomi); di questi, 28 pazienti sono stati anche sottoposti a studio RM, entro 8 ore dall’esordio nella metà dei casi. Dei 50 pazienti inclusi, 6 non hanno mostrato core ischemico al follow-up né alterazione di almeno due parametri di perfusione e sono stati considerati come controlli negativi. La valutazione qualitativa dei parametri MTT-CTP4D e Tmax-RAPID nelle mappe colorimetriche ha mostrato la più alta sensibilità (SE) (MTT: 88,6%, p<0,05; Tmax: 90,9%, p<0,05) con sovrapponibile accuratezza (ACC) (88%> 84%, p>0,05) tra i due software. La valutazione qualitativa della TC basale e quella del parametro CBF nella mappa di mismatch RAPID hanno presentato i più bassi valori di SE (29,6% e 6,8% p<0,05) e ACC (38% e 18% p<0,05). La valutazione automatica quantitativa del parametro CBF nelle mappe di mismatch RAPID si è rivelata inferiore in termini di SE (6,8%) rispetto a quella qualitativa delle mappe ottenute con i software CTP4 e RAPID (81,8% e 61,4%), entrambe con equiparabile SE (81,8% > 61,4%, p>0,05). La valutazione automatica quantitativa del parametro Tmax nelle mappe di mismatch RAPID ha presentato ridotte SE e ACC (90,9%>65,9% e 88%>70%) rispetto a quella qualitativa delle mappe colorimetriche RAPID. Non è stata riscontrata significativa differenza tra i punteggi pc-ASPECT assegnati mediante valutazione delle mappe colorimetriche MTT e Tmax né tra quelli attribuiti nelle mappe CBV CTP4D and CBF-RAPID. CONCLUSIONE Indipendentemente dal software utilizzato, la valutazione qualitativa delle mappe colorimetriche ha mostrato maggiore SE rispetto all’analisi automatica quantitativa ed i parametri perfusionali MTT e Tmax sono risultati i più sensibili. Le mappe di mismatch elaborate automaticamente da RAPID non hanno identificato o hanno sottostimato il danno ischemico nella maggior parte dei pazienti, specialmente a carico del talamo e del tronco encefalico. L’attribuzione dei punteggi pc-ASPECT nelle mappe colorimetriche ha mostrato sostanziale equivalenza dei modelli di mismatch MTT-CBV and Tmax-CBF.
Qualitative versus automatic evaluation of CT perfusion parameters in acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke
CAPASSO, Raffaella
2020-05-11
Abstract
AIM To examine and compare the diagnostic performance in the detection of acute posterior circulation strokes between qualitative evaluation of software-generated colour maps and automatic assessment of CT perfusion (CTP) parameters by RAPID. METHODS AND MATERIALS Imaging data were retrospectively collected from a prospective database of consecutive patients undergone to multimodal CT scan dataset (GE “Lightspeed” a 64 slices) including CTP performed on admission (<24h after symptom onset) between January 2016 and December 2018. Follow-up imaging consisted in non-contrast CT (NCCT). If clinically indicated, MRI (Philips Intera 3.0 T or Philips Achieva Ingenia 1.5T) was performed either soon after the CTP at the admission or later as follow-up control including DWI and FLAIR sequences. The Posterior circulation - Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECT score) was used for quantifying the extent of ischaemic areas on initial NCCT and color-coded maps generated by CTP4 software ( cerebral blood flow, CBF; cerebral blood volume, CBV; mean transit time, MTT). Final pc-ASPECTS was calculated on follow-up NCCT and/or on MRI if performed. Afterwards, CTP data were also processed by RAPID software (iSchemia View) obtaining color-coded maps, including time-to maximum (Tmax), and automatic quantitative mismatch maps. RESULTS A total of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. 6 out of the 50 patients did not show ischemic core at follow-up imaging neither alteration of at least two perfusion parameters in the same location and were grouped as negative controls. All patients underwent to follow-up NCCT and 28 of them also underwent DWI-MRI. Out of the 28 patients undergone MRI, 14 patients (50%) underwent DWI study within 8 hours after multimodal CT study at admission. The sensitivity (SE) of qualitative evaluation of color-coded MTT-CTP4D map and color-coded Tmax-RAPID map resulted significantly higher than the other ones (MTT: 88.6%, p<0.05; Tmax: 90.9%, p<0.05) with comparable diagnostic accuracy (ACC) (88%> 84%, p>0.05). NCCT at baseline and CBF provided by RAPID quantitative perfusion mismatch maps had the lowest SE (29.6% and 6.8% p<0.05, respectively) and ACC (38% and 18% p<0.05, respectively). CBF assessment provided by quantitative RAPID perfusion mismatch maps showed significant lowest SE (6.8%) in comparison to qualitative evaluations of both color-coded CBF-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps (81.8% and 61.4% respectively); no significant SE difference was found between qualitative evaluations of color-coded CBF-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps (81.8% > 61.4%, p>0.05).Qualitative evaluation of color-coded Tmax -RAPID maps showed significant higher SE and ACC than quantitative assessment of Tmax automatically provided by RAPID perfusion mismatch maps (90.9%>65.9% and 88%>70%, respectively). No significant differences were found between the pc-ASPECT scores assessed on color-coded MTT and Tmax maps neither between the scores assessed on color-coded CBV-CTP4D and CBF-RAPID maps. CONCLUSION Independently to the software employed, qualitative analysis of color-coded maps resulted more sensitive in the detection of ischemic changes than automatic quantitative analysis. The most sensitive perfusion parameters were MTT and Tmax. RAPID software generated mismatch maps overlooked and underestimated the extent of the ischemic core in the major part of the patients as compared with the qualitative analysis. The limits of identification of the lesions by automatic quantitative mismatch maps mainly lied in the thalamus and brainstem. Visual assessment of CTP pc-ASPECTS on color-coded perfusion maps revealed equivalence of both mismatch models (MTT-CBV and Tmax-CBF) commonly applied in acute setting with implications for treatment decision-making.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_R_Capasso.pdf
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