In the last years, the medias and the specialized journals showed an increasing attention to the vibration effects on human body. During my doctoral period I focused the attention on this topic trying to evaluate if mechanical vibration can influence the sportive performance on people with and without disabilities. Every day, our body is exposed to mechanical stimuli such as the vibration produced by the bus we use to go work, or the vibrations generated by the smartphone. The scientific literature agreed in affirming that vibratory stimuli are an effective way to improve motor and neuromuscular skills, by improving the speed of the nerve conduction with a consequent improvement of the muscular stiffness, that play a role in the postural control (Rittweger, 2010). Nowadays, the scientific literature lacks of studies investigating the effects of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) of stabilometric parameters on people with a sensorial disabilities and in particular with a visual disability (Ray, 2008). People with visual impairments does not use visual feedback to adjust their posture, and these persons generally have a sedentary lifestyle that is an important risk factor for several diseases and it is also cause of social interactions reduction. Analysing the literature studies, it is evident the lack of studies investigating the effects of WBV on participants with visual impairment, both sedentary and sportive. This lack of studies, suggested us to design and conduct the pilot study of this thesis that is “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in soccer players: a pilot study”. This study aimed to obtain information to design and conduct a preliminary WBV protocol on people without visual impairment in order to evaluate its feasibility and in order to obtain information to use in our subsequent investigations. In this first pilot study, were analysed the differences between amateur soccer players and sedentary coetaneous. The resulted of this pilot study showed that WBV did not significantly alter the postural parameters after acute exposure in both soccer players and sedentary participants. This results allowed to design and conduct the second intervention of this thesis: “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in congenially blind subject; a preliminary evidence”. This study compared people with visual impairment vs. people normally sighted. Also this study indicated that WBV did not alter the postural parameters after acute exposure. The results of both these two preliminary intervention, were used to design and conduct the last phase of this thesis, that is the study titled “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration on balance in blind vs no-blind athletes: a preliminary study” that was recently published in an international peer-reviewed journal. This study compared the effect of WBV exposure on athletes with visual impairment playing Torball vs. normally-sighted athletes playing soccer. Also in this study no significant influences were obtained in both the analysed population. The setting and the WBV methods were the same in all the three studies. Overall, the 3 studies suggested that WBV is a safe and useful method that can be used to improve physical performance also in people with visual disability, due to the absence of side-effects after acute exposure. The WBV can also be used to improve the muscular conditioning of sedentary visual impaired people that do not practice physical activity.
Sempre più frequentemente, dai media, alle riviste di settore, il tema delle vibrazioni, sta suscitando notevole attenzione. Nel triennio di dottorato, la mia attenzione si è soffermata su questo tema, cercando di capire se le vibrazioni meccaniche, potessero influenzare la prestazione sportiva in popolazioni normali e speciali. Ogni giorno il nostro corpo interagisce con stimoli meccanici, da quando prendiamo l’autobus per andare a lavoro, a quando rispondiamo al cellulare. La letteratura scientifica concorda nel ritenere lo stimolo vibratorio come una modalità efficace per indurre miglioramenti delle capacità motorie e neuromuscolari, aumentando la velocità di conduzione dello stimolo nervoso con conseguente aumento della Stiffness muscolare utile al mantenimento del controllo posturale (Rittweger, 2010). Ad oggi, però, a nostra conoscenza, la letteratura manca di studi che focalizzano l’attenzione sul ruolo del Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training, sui parametri posturali e sull’equilibrio in popolazioni speciali, con particolare riferimento ai soggetti con disabilità visiva (Ray,2008). In questa categoria di soggetti, infatti la mancanza del feedback visivo costringe, il più delle volte, il soggetto alla sedentarietà, escludendolo, sia dagli innumerevoli benefici dell’attività fisica, sia da un’iterazione sociale, che risulta essere basilare per uno stile di vita adeguato. In effetti, passando in disamina gli articoli presenti in letteratura, è emersa la problematica relativa all’assenza di evidenze scientifiche, che relazionassero le Whole Body Vibration con popolazioni speciali, in particolar modo, con i non vedenti, sia sedentari che sportivi. Questa considerazione, ci ha portato, a ridisegnare il progetto di ricerca, cercando, in primis, di produrre un intervento che ci fornisse informazioni sull’applicabilità del protocollo vibratorio in categorie normali e speciali, che ci permettesse, inoltre, di familiarizzare con le attrezzature e con il setting di sperimentazione, di capire e rimodulare alcune scelte metodologiche, ed eventualmente ristrutturale il progetto stesso. Da qui, il primo studio pilota dal titolo “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in soccers players: a pilot study”. In questo primo intervento sono stati analizzati calciatori dilettanti e coetanei sedentari. Il risultato principale dello studio, è stato che le WBV non alterano i parametri posturali in ambedue le categorie analizzate. I risultati ottenuti sono stati punto di partenza per la seconda fase del progetto, ovvero quella dello studio “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in congenially blind subject; a preliminary evidence”, in questo intervento la categoria analizzata è stata quella dei non vedenti confrontata con quella di coetanei vedenti. Il risultato principale, è stato che la stimolazione vibratoria non ha alterato in alcun modo i parametri posturali. Le preziose indicazioni emerse dal primo studio e i risultati del secondo intervento, ci hanno permesso di compiere lo studio, oggetto di pubblicazione “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration on balance in blind vs no-blind athletes: a preliminary study”, avente come gruppo sperimentale i non vedenti sportivi professionisti giocatori di Torball. Anche in questo caso la procedura non ha modificato significativamente alcun parametro relativo alla postura e all’equilibrio. Le procedure e il setting di sperimentazione nei diversi studi, è stata le stessa. Queste indicazioni, suggeriscono che il Whole Body Vibration, oltre a non avere alcun side-effect, può rappresentare una valida metodica di allenamento mirata al miglioramento della performance, oltre a garantire un livello minimo di attività fisica raccomandata.
Effetti acuti di protocolli vibratori a frequenza ottimale in popolazioni speciali
MOFFA, Stefano
2017-05-18
Abstract
In the last years, the medias and the specialized journals showed an increasing attention to the vibration effects on human body. During my doctoral period I focused the attention on this topic trying to evaluate if mechanical vibration can influence the sportive performance on people with and without disabilities. Every day, our body is exposed to mechanical stimuli such as the vibration produced by the bus we use to go work, or the vibrations generated by the smartphone. The scientific literature agreed in affirming that vibratory stimuli are an effective way to improve motor and neuromuscular skills, by improving the speed of the nerve conduction with a consequent improvement of the muscular stiffness, that play a role in the postural control (Rittweger, 2010). Nowadays, the scientific literature lacks of studies investigating the effects of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) of stabilometric parameters on people with a sensorial disabilities and in particular with a visual disability (Ray, 2008). People with visual impairments does not use visual feedback to adjust their posture, and these persons generally have a sedentary lifestyle that is an important risk factor for several diseases and it is also cause of social interactions reduction. Analysing the literature studies, it is evident the lack of studies investigating the effects of WBV on participants with visual impairment, both sedentary and sportive. This lack of studies, suggested us to design and conduct the pilot study of this thesis that is “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in soccer players: a pilot study”. This study aimed to obtain information to design and conduct a preliminary WBV protocol on people without visual impairment in order to evaluate its feasibility and in order to obtain information to use in our subsequent investigations. In this first pilot study, were analysed the differences between amateur soccer players and sedentary coetaneous. The resulted of this pilot study showed that WBV did not significantly alter the postural parameters after acute exposure in both soccer players and sedentary participants. This results allowed to design and conduct the second intervention of this thesis: “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) on postural control in congenially blind subject; a preliminary evidence”. This study compared people with visual impairment vs. people normally sighted. Also this study indicated that WBV did not alter the postural parameters after acute exposure. The results of both these two preliminary intervention, were used to design and conduct the last phase of this thesis, that is the study titled “Acute effect of Whole Body Vibration on balance in blind vs no-blind athletes: a preliminary study” that was recently published in an international peer-reviewed journal. This study compared the effect of WBV exposure on athletes with visual impairment playing Torball vs. normally-sighted athletes playing soccer. Also in this study no significant influences were obtained in both the analysed population. The setting and the WBV methods were the same in all the three studies. Overall, the 3 studies suggested that WBV is a safe and useful method that can be used to improve physical performance also in people with visual disability, due to the absence of side-effects after acute exposure. The WBV can also be used to improve the muscular conditioning of sedentary visual impaired people that do not practice physical activity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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