This work is a contribution to highlinght the importance of the possible applications of modern geophysical methods and relief introduced in the field of cultural heritage and their resolving power, showing how these technologies are usable and effective in different contexts to both the high diagnostic resolution for the investigation of the subsoil and the definition of the state of good conservation. The purpose has been to provide the greatest possible number of elements for a general analysis of the object of research sites; this has allowed us to demonstrate how, in the same context, the integration of three-dimensional reconstructions of bodies buried with 3D models of visible structures represent a resolving power and decisive tool to contribute to the knowing, enhancement, conservation and protection, as they provide more elements than traditional procedures. Main object of the study was the Archaeological Park of Egnazia (BR) within which were applied electric tomography, laser scanner and photogrammetry. As for the geoelectric, instruments have been tested in some sample areas of the ancient city, and programmed according to the goal to be achieved and the geo-lithological context of application. Once the best configuration was identified (dipole-dipole axial), tomograms in internal and external areas of the wall circuit were created, in order to draw the attention to the abnormalities corresponding to the possible anthropogenic buried structures. The three-dimensional relief, instead, provided for the acquisition of laser scanner scans (FARO CAM2 3D FOCUS) and photogrammetry (CANON EOS 5D MARK II) in the thermal baths. Considering the complex has more elevations, has been necessary to set up different stations distributed in order to scan and photograph from multiple points of view each structure and the help of marker useful for the coupling of the scans during the process of reworking digital. From the information obtained different results were achieved. The geoelectric data were provided with a map of the tomographic still buried structures that, along with the archaeological findings, would facilitate the understanding of the articulation of the urban site, useful to integrate and complete the archaeological finds record of the antique city; a 3D has been produced from the scans and digital photographs, which has permitted to observe a number of plants at different heights, sections and section-elevation at different distances, and finally the general orthophoto. All the findings have permitted to create a visual and relational database, which allows the application of reconstructive analysis and interpretation of the structure and their "real" 3D graphical display. The results, which also document the still visible stratigraphy, represent a instrument useful to monitor over time the material degradation of the elevations, to direct future excavations, to program interventions of recovery, restoration, preservation, didactics, transmission and protection of the archaeological site of Egnazia.
Questo lavoro vuole essere un contributo per sottolineare l’importanza delle possibili applicazioni delle moderne metodologie geofisiche e di rilievo introdotte nel campo dei Beni Culturali e del loro potere risolutivo, mostrare come tali tecnologie siano utilizzabili ed efficaci in diversi contesti sia per la diagnostica ad alta risoluzione che per l’indagine del sottosuolo e la definizione dello stato di conservazione di un bene. L’obiettivo è stato quello di fornire il maggior numero possibile di elementi per una valutazione generale dei siti oggetto di ricerca; ciò ha permesso di dimostrare come, in uno stesso contesto, l’integrazione delle ricostruzioni tridimensionale dei corpi sepolti con i modelli 3D delle strutture visibili rappresentano un potente e risolutivo strumento per contribuire alla conoscenza, valorizzazione, conservazione e tutela, poiché si forniscono maggiori elementi rispetto alle procedure classiche. Oggetto principale dello studio è stato il Parco Archeologico di Egnazia (BR) all’interno del quale sono state applicate la tomografia elettrica, il laser scanner e la fotogrammetria. Per quanto riguarda la geoelettrica, sono state testate le strumentazioni in alcune aree campione dell’antica città, programmandole a seconda dell’obiettivo che si voleva raggiungere e del contesto geo-litologico di applicazione. Scelta la configurazione più idonea (dipolo-dipolo assiale), sono state realizzate delle tomografie in aree interne ed esterne del circuito murario, al fine di evidenziare meglio le anomalie corrispondenti alle possibili strutture antropiche ancora sepolte. Il rilievo tridimensionale, mentre, ha previsto l’acquisizione di scansioni laser scanner (FARO CAM2 FOCUS 3D) e fotogrammetrie (CANON EOS 5D MARK II) nell’area delle terme. Considerando che il complesso presenta più alzati, è stata necessaria la predisposizione di differenti stazioni distribuite in modo da scansionare e fotografare da più punti di vista ogni struttura e l’ausilio di “marker” utili per l’aggancio delle scansioni durante il processo di rielaborazione digitale. Dalle informazioni acquisite sono stati raggiunti diversi risultati. I dati geoelettrici hanno fornito una mappa tomografica delle strutture ancora sepolte che sovrapposta ai rilievi archeologici facilita la comprensione dell’articolazione urbana del sito, uno strumento utile per integrare e colmare le evidenze archeologiche dell’antica città; le scansioni e le fotografie digitali hanno prodotto un 3D dal quale sono state estrapolate una serie di piante a diverse quote, delle sezioni e sezioni-prospetto a diverse distanze, e l’ortofoto generale. Tutti i prodotti restituiti hanno permesso di creare un database visuale e relazionale che renda possibile l'applicazione di analisi ricostruttive ed interpretative del complesso e la loro visualizzazione grafica “reale” 3D. I risultati, che tra l’altro documentano le stratigrafie ancora visibili, rappresentano uno strumento utile per monitorare nel tempo il degrado materico degli alzati, indirizzare le future operazioni di scavo, programmare interventi di recupero, restauro, salvaguardia, didattica, divulgazione e tutela del sito archeologico di Egnazia.
Applicazione della tomografia elettrica e di tecniche di rilievo tridimensionale nel Parco Archeologico di Egnazia (BR)
GIORDANO, CLAUDIA
2017-09-19
Abstract
This work is a contribution to highlinght the importance of the possible applications of modern geophysical methods and relief introduced in the field of cultural heritage and their resolving power, showing how these technologies are usable and effective in different contexts to both the high diagnostic resolution for the investigation of the subsoil and the definition of the state of good conservation. The purpose has been to provide the greatest possible number of elements for a general analysis of the object of research sites; this has allowed us to demonstrate how, in the same context, the integration of three-dimensional reconstructions of bodies buried with 3D models of visible structures represent a resolving power and decisive tool to contribute to the knowing, enhancement, conservation and protection, as they provide more elements than traditional procedures. Main object of the study was the Archaeological Park of Egnazia (BR) within which were applied electric tomography, laser scanner and photogrammetry. As for the geoelectric, instruments have been tested in some sample areas of the ancient city, and programmed according to the goal to be achieved and the geo-lithological context of application. Once the best configuration was identified (dipole-dipole axial), tomograms in internal and external areas of the wall circuit were created, in order to draw the attention to the abnormalities corresponding to the possible anthropogenic buried structures. The three-dimensional relief, instead, provided for the acquisition of laser scanner scans (FARO CAM2 3D FOCUS) and photogrammetry (CANON EOS 5D MARK II) in the thermal baths. Considering the complex has more elevations, has been necessary to set up different stations distributed in order to scan and photograph from multiple points of view each structure and the help of marker useful for the coupling of the scans during the process of reworking digital. From the information obtained different results were achieved. The geoelectric data were provided with a map of the tomographic still buried structures that, along with the archaeological findings, would facilitate the understanding of the articulation of the urban site, useful to integrate and complete the archaeological finds record of the antique city; a 3D has been produced from the scans and digital photographs, which has permitted to observe a number of plants at different heights, sections and section-elevation at different distances, and finally the general orthophoto. All the findings have permitted to create a visual and relational database, which allows the application of reconstructive analysis and interpretation of the structure and their "real" 3D graphical display. The results, which also document the still visible stratigraphy, represent a instrument useful to monitor over time the material degradation of the elevations, to direct future excavations, to program interventions of recovery, restoration, preservation, didactics, transmission and protection of the archaeological site of Egnazia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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