Plant secondary metabolites play a fundamental role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and represent a major source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical potential. In recent years, metabolomics has emerged as a powerful approach for the comprehensive characterization of plant metabolic profiles, enabling the simultaneous investigation of primary and secondary metabolites and their variation across species, cultivars, and environmental conditions. The present PhD Thesis focuses on the application of plant metabolomics to characterize and compare the metabolic fingerprints of selected plant species and their cultivars originating from inland areas of the Italian Apennines. By integrating complementary metabolomic approaches, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC/GC-MS) in untargeted and targeted approaches supported by chemometric techniques, this work provided an overview of their metabolic profile, highlighting metabolic differences among cultivars or varieties, and identifying key metabolites as potential biomarkers, along with their nutritional, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical properties. Specifically, metabolomic investigations were performed on Italian commercial cultivars of Phaseolus spp. (Chapter 2), ancient native Malus domestica varieties from Molise region (Chapter 3), and essential oils obtained from the leaves of wild Laurus nobilis growing in central and southern Apennine areas (Chapter 4). The comparative analysis of these plants allowed the assessment of both primary metabolites and specialized secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and other bioactive constituents. Particular attention was applied to metabolites of nutraceutical and cosmeceutical interest to underline the selected traditional, local, and unexplored plants as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. The results of this Thesis contribute to the valorization of Apennine plant biodiversity and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable exploitation of phytochemicals of the selected plants for their potential applications in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and agri-food sectors.
I metaboliti secondari delle piante svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nell’adattamento delle piante agli stress biotici e abiotici e rappresentano una delle principali fonti di composti bioattivi con potenziale farmaceutico, nutraceutico e cosmeceutico. Negli ultimi anni, la metabolomica è emersa come un potente approccio per la caratterizzazione completa dei profili metabolici delle piante, consentendo l’analisi simultanea dei metaboliti primari e secondari e delle loro variazioni tra specie, cultivar e condizioni ambientali. La presente Tesi di Dottorato si concentra sull’applicazione della metabolomica delle piante per caratterizzare e confrontare il fingerprint metabolico di specie vegetali selezionate e delle loro cultivar provenienti dalle aree interne dell’Appennino italiano. Integrando approcci metabolomici complementari, mediante Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare (NMR) e Cromatografia Liquida e Gassosa accoppiata alla Spettrometria di Massa (LC/GC-MS), sia con approcci untargeted sia targeted supportati da tecniche chemiometriche, questo lavoro ha fornito una panoramica dei loro profili metabolici, evidenziando le differenze metaboliche tra cultivar o varietà e identificando metaboliti chiave come potenziali biomarcatori, insieme alle loro proprietà nutrizionali, nutraceutiche e cosmeceutiche. In particolare, le indagini metabolomiche sono state condotte su cultivar commerciali italiane di specie di Phaseolus (Capitolo 2), varietà autoctone e antiche di Malus domestica della regione Molise (Capitolo 3) e oli essenziali ottenuti dalle foglie di Laurus nobilis selvatico cresciuto nelle aree dell’Appennino centrale e meridionale (Capitolo 4). L’analisi comparativa di queste piante ha consentito la valutazione sia dei metaboliti primari sia dei metaboliti secondari specializzati, tra cui composti fenolici, terpenoidi e altri costituenti bioattivi. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata ai metaboliti di interesse nutraceutico e cosmeceutico, al fine di evidenziare come le piante selezionate tradizionali, locali e ancora poco esplorate possano rappresentare preziose fonti di composti bioattivi. I risultati di questa Tesi contribuiscono alla valorizzazione della biodiversità vegetale dell’Appennino e forniscono una base scientifica per lo sfruttamento sostenibile dei fitocomposti delle piante selezionate, in vista delle loro potenziali applicazioni nei settori nutraceutico, cosmeceutico e agro-alimentare.
Evaluation, characterization and valorization of the cultivars the Apennine inland areas for the identification of new bioactive molecules and the development of nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, food supplements and cosmetics
SAMUKHA, Vadym
2026-05-06
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites play a fundamental role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and represent a major source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical potential. In recent years, metabolomics has emerged as a powerful approach for the comprehensive characterization of plant metabolic profiles, enabling the simultaneous investigation of primary and secondary metabolites and their variation across species, cultivars, and environmental conditions. The present PhD Thesis focuses on the application of plant metabolomics to characterize and compare the metabolic fingerprints of selected plant species and their cultivars originating from inland areas of the Italian Apennines. By integrating complementary metabolomic approaches, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC/GC-MS) in untargeted and targeted approaches supported by chemometric techniques, this work provided an overview of their metabolic profile, highlighting metabolic differences among cultivars or varieties, and identifying key metabolites as potential biomarkers, along with their nutritional, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical properties. Specifically, metabolomic investigations were performed on Italian commercial cultivars of Phaseolus spp. (Chapter 2), ancient native Malus domestica varieties from Molise region (Chapter 3), and essential oils obtained from the leaves of wild Laurus nobilis growing in central and southern Apennine areas (Chapter 4). The comparative analysis of these plants allowed the assessment of both primary metabolites and specialized secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and other bioactive constituents. Particular attention was applied to metabolites of nutraceutical and cosmeceutical interest to underline the selected traditional, local, and unexplored plants as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. The results of this Thesis contribute to the valorization of Apennine plant biodiversity and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable exploitation of phytochemicals of the selected plants for their potential applications in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and agri-food sectors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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