The curiosity of the intellect remains the starting point of any research, hence the decision to deal with a subject apparently far from the usual interests of a scholar of commercial law. As is known, world legal systems are usually classified (based on structure and application) in civil law and common law, in reality a third, definable as “islamic law”, should be taken into consideration. In the latter system, the close and inseparable connection existing between religion and law influences the entire economic and social activity of Muslims, including the operational sphere of commercial law, which must consider some precepts and standards indicated by the Sharia, among them the prohibition on ribā (interest). In fact, in Islamic law the figure of the bondholder will be totally absent, the gains can only derive from the assumption of responsibility by those who hold capital, through the scheme of sharing profits and losses (so-called profit and loss sharing). In line with these precepts, there is the mudarabah contract, a contract in which a partnership is created between two parties, in which one of them, the rabb-ul-mal, participates by providing the entire capital necessary for the investment; the other, the mudarib, deals with the management and implementation of the common project by providing the necessary tools and knowledge. This contract appears in many ways similar to our partnership agreement, the rules of which are present in articles 2549-2553 of the Civil Code, it is incomplete and limited. While this peculiarity has made it possible to shape, over time, the dictates of this contractual scheme leading to its rapid dissemination, on the other it has been seen how it has been used disproportionately for elusive purposes. On the basis of these premises, it is necessary to reinterpret the provisions of the Civil Code dedicated to the contract in question, recently amended by art. 53 of the Legislative Decree n. 81/2015 (relating to the overcoming of the association in participation with contribution of work), trying to carry out a re-reading of the same through the principles existing in the equivalent islamic contract. Therefore, the objectives of this study are twofold, firstly, to examine the discipline and evolution of the “association in participation contract” and its counterpart in islamic law and, secondly, to evaluate which peculiar characteristics of the islamic contract can enrich and integrate our deficient discipline.
La curiosità dell’intelletto rimane il punto di partenza di ogni ricerca, da qui la decisione di occuparsi di un tema apparentemente lontano dai consueti interessi di uno studioso di diritto commerciale. Com’è noto, i sistemi giuridici mondali vengono solitamente classificati (in base alla struttura e applicazione) in civil law e common law, in realtà ne andrebbe preso in considerazione, un terzo, definibile come “islamic law”. In quest’ultimo sistema, la stretta e inscindibile connessione esistente tra religione e diritto, influenza l’intera attività economica e sociale dei musulmani, compresa la sfera operativa del diritto commerciale, che deve considerare alcuni precetti e standard indicati dalla Sharia, tra questi il divieto di ribā (interessi). Infatti, nel diritto islamico sarà totalmente assente la figura dell’obbligazionista, i guadagni potranno derivare solo dall’assunzione di responsabilità da parte di chi detiene capitali, attraverso lo schema della condivisione dei profitti e delle perdite (cd. profit and loss sharing). In linea con tali precetti, vi è il contratto di mudarabah, contratto in cui viene creata una partnership tra due parti, in cui una di esse, il rabb-ul-mal, partecipa apportando l’intero capitale necessario all’investimento; l’altra, invece, il mudarib, si occupa della gestione e della realizzazione del progetto comune fornendo gli strumenti e le conoscenze necessarie. Tale contratto appare per molti versi simile al nostro contratto di associazione in partecipazione, la cui disciplina presente negli artt. 2549-2553 del Codice Civile, risulta scarna e dal carattere dispositivo. Se da un lato tale peculiarità ha permesso di plasmare, nel tempo, il dettato del presente schema contrattuale portando a una sua rapida diffusione, dall’altra si è visto come sia stato utilizzato in modo spropositato a fini elusivi. Sulla base di tali premesse si rende necessaria un’attività di reinterpretazione delle disposizioni del Codice civile dedicate al contratto in oggetto, recentemente modificate dall’art. 53 del Decreto legislativo n. 81/2015 (relativamente al superamento dell’associazione in partecipazione con apporto di lavoro), cercando di effettuare una rilettura dello stesso attraverso i principi esistenti nell’omologo contratto islamico. Pertanto, gli obiettivi del presente studio sono duplici, in primo luogo, esaminare la disciplina e l’evoluzione del contratto di associazione in partecipazione e del suo omologo nel diritto islamico e, in secondo luogo, valutare quali caratteristiche peculiari del contratto islamico possono arricchire e integrare la nostra disciplina lacunosa.
L'associazione in partecipazione: una reinterpretazione dell'istituto alla luce dei contratti di partenariato islamici
MESSINA, Michael
2022-05-25
Abstract
The curiosity of the intellect remains the starting point of any research, hence the decision to deal with a subject apparently far from the usual interests of a scholar of commercial law. As is known, world legal systems are usually classified (based on structure and application) in civil law and common law, in reality a third, definable as “islamic law”, should be taken into consideration. In the latter system, the close and inseparable connection existing between religion and law influences the entire economic and social activity of Muslims, including the operational sphere of commercial law, which must consider some precepts and standards indicated by the Sharia, among them the prohibition on ribā (interest). In fact, in Islamic law the figure of the bondholder will be totally absent, the gains can only derive from the assumption of responsibility by those who hold capital, through the scheme of sharing profits and losses (so-called profit and loss sharing). In line with these precepts, there is the mudarabah contract, a contract in which a partnership is created between two parties, in which one of them, the rabb-ul-mal, participates by providing the entire capital necessary for the investment; the other, the mudarib, deals with the management and implementation of the common project by providing the necessary tools and knowledge. This contract appears in many ways similar to our partnership agreement, the rules of which are present in articles 2549-2553 of the Civil Code, it is incomplete and limited. While this peculiarity has made it possible to shape, over time, the dictates of this contractual scheme leading to its rapid dissemination, on the other it has been seen how it has been used disproportionately for elusive purposes. On the basis of these premises, it is necessary to reinterpret the provisions of the Civil Code dedicated to the contract in question, recently amended by art. 53 of the Legislative Decree n. 81/2015 (relating to the overcoming of the association in participation with contribution of work), trying to carry out a re-reading of the same through the principles existing in the equivalent islamic contract. Therefore, the objectives of this study are twofold, firstly, to examine the discipline and evolution of the “association in participation contract” and its counterpart in islamic law and, secondly, to evaluate which peculiar characteristics of the islamic contract can enrich and integrate our deficient discipline.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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