The purpose of the present research is to focus on a specific season of nineteen century’s Italian philosophy, the pragmatism, that flourished - and wilted- in the nineteen century’s first decade. Destined to oblivion in the Italian philosophy’s chronicles up until the second half of this century, pragmatism and his major scholars, Giovanni Papini, Giuseppe Prezzolini, Mario Calderoni and Giovanni Vailati paid a heavy price for their cultural choice. Nevertheless, despite the critics, the four created a strong connection with some of the most important national and international philosophers of their time and received a lot of inputs from Europe and America. In that period, indeed, the crowds started to come together as an unique subject and began to claim a series of privileges such as the access to culture, which survived in the crystalized forms of academies and universities. The exiled or purged scholars started to reorganize and, to encourage the spreading of ideas, began to publish independent magazines, which were meant to vanquish the separation between community and intellectuals; pragmatists were among the first, and founded a periodical called «Leonardo» (1903-1907) in Florence that had leading role in the Italian’s cultural debate. For a global comprehension, however, we chose a peculiar methodological approach, hence in the research there are not only the «Leonardo»’s articles but also other colloquial constellations like letters, notes and pieces that appeared in other journals and did not chronologically belong to “leonardiani” years. This strategy was very fruitful because it allowed not only to show the organicity of their reflection, but to underline one of their purpose as well, that is to de-provincialize the Italian culture. During their activities, the Italian pragmatists had a lot of relations and cultural exchanges and, despite the criticisms and various attempts of removal, they were a sort of unicum for that period and delivered a different image of the country, now open to the novelties outside Italy.
Scopo della presente ricerca è di mettere a fuoco una stagione ben precisa della filosofia italiana novecentesca, quella del pragmatismo, fiorito – e appassito – nel primo decennio del Novecento. Destinato a scomparire dalle cronache della filosofia italiana almeno fino alla seconda metà degli anni novanta, il pragmatismo e i suoi maggiori rappresentanti, Giovanni Papini, Giuseppe Prezzolini, Mario Calderoni e Giovanni Vailati, pagarono un prezzo eccessivamente elevato per la loro militanza culturale. Eppure, al di là delle stroncature, i quattro intrecciarono rapporti di indubbia importanza arrivando a dialogare con alcune delle voci filosofiche più autorevoli dell’epoca, tanto nazionali quanto internazionali, recependo la lunga scia di stimoli che stavano allora percorrendo non solo l’Europa ma anche l’America. Proprio in quel periodo, difatti, le masse iniziarono a costituirsi come soggetto unico cominciando a rivendicare tutta una serie di privilegi allora ritenuti appannaggio di pochi; tra questi vi era anche la cultura, la quale sopravviva in forme cristallizzate all’interno dei suoi canali ufficiali: le università e le accademie. I fuoriusciti o epurati dal sistema iniziarono a riorganizzarsi e, per diffondere le loro idee, cominciarono a pubblicare riviste indipendenti, destinate a cancellare quella spessa linea di divisione fra popolo e intellettuali; tra i primi vi furono proprio i pragmatisti che, a Firenze, fondarono il «Leonardo» (1903-1907), che rivestì un ruolo di primo piano nel dibattito culturale italiano di quegli anni. Per fornire tuttavia una visione in un certo qual modo globale, si è operata una scelta metodologica ben precisa che ha cercato di tener presente non solo il materiale stampato sul foglio fiorentino, ma anche tutta quell’altra costellazione discorsiva composta da lettere, note e articoli apparse in altre sedi e non cronologicamente appartenente agli anni “leonardiani”. La strategia si è rivelata estremamente proficua poiché ha permesso non solo di evidenziare l’organicità delle riflessioni dei quattro, ma ha consentito anche di rilevare una fitta trama di rapporti tesi alla sprovincializzazione della cultura italiana. Durante la loro attività, difatti, i pragmatisti italiani intrecciarono numerose relazioni che, nonostante i vari tentativi di rimozione, costituiscono un unicum per il periodo e ci consegnano l’immagine di una intellighenzia differente, diversa, aperta alle novità provenienti al di fuori della penisola.
Il pragmatismo italiano nel suo tempo: un'analisi storico-critica
Zarlenga, Achille
2021-11-12
Abstract
The purpose of the present research is to focus on a specific season of nineteen century’s Italian philosophy, the pragmatism, that flourished - and wilted- in the nineteen century’s first decade. Destined to oblivion in the Italian philosophy’s chronicles up until the second half of this century, pragmatism and his major scholars, Giovanni Papini, Giuseppe Prezzolini, Mario Calderoni and Giovanni Vailati paid a heavy price for their cultural choice. Nevertheless, despite the critics, the four created a strong connection with some of the most important national and international philosophers of their time and received a lot of inputs from Europe and America. In that period, indeed, the crowds started to come together as an unique subject and began to claim a series of privileges such as the access to culture, which survived in the crystalized forms of academies and universities. The exiled or purged scholars started to reorganize and, to encourage the spreading of ideas, began to publish independent magazines, which were meant to vanquish the separation between community and intellectuals; pragmatists were among the first, and founded a periodical called «Leonardo» (1903-1907) in Florence that had leading role in the Italian’s cultural debate. For a global comprehension, however, we chose a peculiar methodological approach, hence in the research there are not only the «Leonardo»’s articles but also other colloquial constellations like letters, notes and pieces that appeared in other journals and did not chronologically belong to “leonardiani” years. This strategy was very fruitful because it allowed not only to show the organicity of their reflection, but to underline one of their purpose as well, that is to de-provincialize the Italian culture. During their activities, the Italian pragmatists had a lot of relations and cultural exchanges and, despite the criticisms and various attempts of removal, they were a sort of unicum for that period and delivered a different image of the country, now open to the novelties outside Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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