The thesis examines the discipline of extraordinary transformation, merger and demerger operations involving entities having the status of social enterprise, in light of the regulatory changes introduced by D. Lgs. 3 July 2017, n. 112, followed by the D. Interm. of 16 March 2018, by D.M. 27 April 2019, n. 50 and finally by D. Lgs. 20 July 2018, n. 95. After a brief reflection on the method and an essential legal framework of the so-called “Third sector”, the genesis of the “social enterprise” phenomenon and the context in which it arises are reconstructed. Great attention is paid to the study of regulatory sources, to their gradation and constant combination, due to the polymorphic character of the social enterprise, so as to be able to easily identify the rules applicable to the various types of extraordinary transactions that the scholar and legal operator may encounter. The subject requires a complex interpretative work, which permeates the entire thesis and which is expressed in the assessment of the compatibility between the aforementioned provisions, in the field of social enterprise, the Third Sector Code (D. Lgs. 3 July 2017, n. 117) and the civil code. Then I proceed to the study of the transformation, merger and demerger operations, highlighting the general discipline, the issues of greatest legal interest, as well as the evolutionary process that has led the legislator to admit involvement in them, no longer only of corporate entities, but also non-profit entities, by first introducing arts. 2500-septies and 2500-octies of the Italian Civil Code and, more recently, art. 42-bis of the Italian Civil Code. Given the multifaceted nature of the social enterprise and the necessary interaction between the aforementioned regulatory sources, the thesis first examines the special legislation introduced with the 2017 Reform and valid for all extraordinary transactions involving social enterprise entities, and then differentiates the treatment based on to the specific type of entities involved, and precisely distinguishing between: transactions involving only entities in the first book of the civil code, transactions involving only corporate entities and, finally, heterogeneous transactions, i.e. involving both the aforementioned types of entities. Furthermore, in the context of this study, the differentiation of the applicable formalities is also of great importance depending on whether the extraordinary transaction involves subjects already possessing the particular qualification of social enterprise, or entities that initially do not have it but intend to acquire it precisely as a result of a transformation, merger or division. Finally, attention is paid to the operational case in which the entity resulting from the extraordinary operation loses its status as a social enterprise and must, therefore, proceed with the transfer of assets, governed in detail by art. 12 paragraph 5 of the legislative decree n. 112/2017 with particularly regard to the study of the various operational cases, an attempt is made to fill all the regulatory gaps that the legislator delegates to the interpreter, carrying out a complex and constant hermeneutic investigation of the various sources.
La tesi esamina la disciplina delle operazioni straordinarie di trasformazione, fusione e scissione coinvolgenti enti aventi qualifica di impresa sociale, alla luce delle novità normative introdotte dal d.lgs. 3 luglio 2017, n. 112, seguito dal d.interm. del 16 marzo 2018, dal d.m. 27 aprile 2019, n. 50 ed infine dal d.lgs. 20 luglio 2018, n. 95. Dopo una breve riflessione di metodo ed un imprescindibile inquadramento giuridico del c.d. “Terzo settore”, viene ricostruita la genesi del fenomeno “impresa sociale” ed il contesto in cui essa sorge. Grande attenzione viene dedicata allo studio delle fonti normative, alla loro gradazione e costante combinazione, dovuta al carattere polimorfico dell’impresa sociale, così da poter individuare agevolmente le norme applicabili alle variegate fattispecie di operazioni straordinarie in cui può imbattersi lo studioso ed operatore di diritto. La materia richiede un complesso lavoro interpretativo, che permea l’intera tesi e che si esplica nella valutazione della compatibilità tra i provvedimenti sopra citati, in materia di impresa sociale, il Codice del Terzo Settore (d.lgs. 3 luglio 2017, n. 117) ed il codice civile. Si procede, poi, allo studio delle operazioni di trasformazione, fusione e scissione, mettendone in luce la disciplina generale, le questioni di maggior interesse giuridico, nonché il processo evolutivo che ha condotto il legislatore ad ammettere il coinvolgimento in esse, non più soltanto di enti societari, bensì anche di enti non profit, introducendo prima gli artt. 2500-septies e 2500-octies c.c. e, più recentemente, l’art. 42-bis c.c. Stante il carattere poliedrico dell’impresa sociale e la necessaria interazione tra le suddette fonti normative, la tesi esamina prima la normativa speciale introdotta con la Riforma del 2017 e valevole per tutte le operazioni straordinarie coinvolgenti enti imprese sociali, per poi differenziare la trattazione in base alla specifica tipologia di enti coinvolti, e precisamente distinguendo tra: operazioni che interessino solo enti del libro primo del codice civile, operazioni che interessino solo enti societari ed, infine, operazioni eterogenee, ossia coinvolgenti entrambe le suddette tipologie di enti. Inoltre, nell’ambito di tale studio, riveste grande rilevanza anche la differenziazione delle formalità applicabili a seconda che l’operazione straordinaria coinvolga soggetti già muniti della peculiare qualifica di impresa sociale, ovvero enti che inizialmente ne siano sprovvisti ma che intendano acquisirla proprio per effetto di una trasformazione, fusione o scissione. Infine viene posta l’attenzione sulla fattispecie operativa in cui l’ente risultante dall’operazione straordinaria perda la qualifica di impresa sociale e debba, pertanto, procedere alla devoluzione patrimoniale, dettagliatamente disciplinata dall’art. 12 comma 5 del d.lgs. n. 112/2017. Relativamente allo studio delle varie fattispecie operative, si cerca di colmare tutte le lacune normative che il legislatore delega all’interprete, svolgendo una complessa e costante indagine ermeneutica delle varie fonti.
Le operazioni straordinarie di trasformazione, fusione e scissione coinvolgenti enti aventi qualifica di impresa sociale
COLETTA, Annapaola
2021-11-12
Abstract
The thesis examines the discipline of extraordinary transformation, merger and demerger operations involving entities having the status of social enterprise, in light of the regulatory changes introduced by D. Lgs. 3 July 2017, n. 112, followed by the D. Interm. of 16 March 2018, by D.M. 27 April 2019, n. 50 and finally by D. Lgs. 20 July 2018, n. 95. After a brief reflection on the method and an essential legal framework of the so-called “Third sector”, the genesis of the “social enterprise” phenomenon and the context in which it arises are reconstructed. Great attention is paid to the study of regulatory sources, to their gradation and constant combination, due to the polymorphic character of the social enterprise, so as to be able to easily identify the rules applicable to the various types of extraordinary transactions that the scholar and legal operator may encounter. The subject requires a complex interpretative work, which permeates the entire thesis and which is expressed in the assessment of the compatibility between the aforementioned provisions, in the field of social enterprise, the Third Sector Code (D. Lgs. 3 July 2017, n. 117) and the civil code. Then I proceed to the study of the transformation, merger and demerger operations, highlighting the general discipline, the issues of greatest legal interest, as well as the evolutionary process that has led the legislator to admit involvement in them, no longer only of corporate entities, but also non-profit entities, by first introducing arts. 2500-septies and 2500-octies of the Italian Civil Code and, more recently, art. 42-bis of the Italian Civil Code. Given the multifaceted nature of the social enterprise and the necessary interaction between the aforementioned regulatory sources, the thesis first examines the special legislation introduced with the 2017 Reform and valid for all extraordinary transactions involving social enterprise entities, and then differentiates the treatment based on to the specific type of entities involved, and precisely distinguishing between: transactions involving only entities in the first book of the civil code, transactions involving only corporate entities and, finally, heterogeneous transactions, i.e. involving both the aforementioned types of entities. Furthermore, in the context of this study, the differentiation of the applicable formalities is also of great importance depending on whether the extraordinary transaction involves subjects already possessing the particular qualification of social enterprise, or entities that initially do not have it but intend to acquire it precisely as a result of a transformation, merger or division. Finally, attention is paid to the operational case in which the entity resulting from the extraordinary operation loses its status as a social enterprise and must, therefore, proceed with the transfer of assets, governed in detail by art. 12 paragraph 5 of the legislative decree n. 112/2017 with particularly regard to the study of the various operational cases, an attempt is made to fill all the regulatory gaps that the legislator delegates to the interpreter, carrying out a complex and constant hermeneutic investigation of the various sources.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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