A Multi-Class Approach for the Automatic Detection of Congestive Heart Failure in Windowed ECG

: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic heart disease that causes debilitating symptoms and leads to higher mortality and morbidity. In this paper, we present HARPER, a novel automatic detector of CHF episodes able to distinguish between Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), CHF, and no-CHF. The main advantages of HARPER are its reliability and its capability of providing an early diagnosis. Indeed, the method is based on evaluating real-time features and observing a brief segment of ECG signal. HARPER is an independent tool meaning that it does not need any ECG annotation or segmentation algorithms to provide detection. The approach was submitted to complete experimentation by involving both the intra- and inter-patient validation schemes. The results are comparable to the state-of-art methods, highlighting the suitability of HARPER to be used in modern IoMT systems as a multi-class, fast, and highly accurate detector of CHF. We also provide guidelines for configuring a temporal window to be used in the automatic detection of CHF episodes.