This monographic issue of the journal Acta Philosophica dedicated to “Paul Ricoeur pacifist” aims to shed light on the early years of the French philosopher’s cultural and political engagement (1936-1939) in which his articles appear in the journal “Terre Nouvelle”, organ of the Chretiens Revolutionnaires put on the Index by the Holy Office in 1936, and in the journal Christianism Social (1946-1960). Without publishing the articles in their entirety, readers are offered the opportunity to read some passages from Ricoeur’s most incisive interventions on pacifism, on the political scenarios of Europe just before the outbreak of World War II, and on the themes of Christian philosophy bent to understanding the complex reality of that historical moment. A historical reading of this existential passage of Ricoeur is provided with the research of the documents on “Terre Nouvelle” from the Archives of the Holy Office and from the sources and testimonies that the Vatican has made available for consultation and analysis by historians (in this regard, there will be no lack of an in-depth study of the importance of Christian socialists in European and Italian political history). These early evidences of political engagement remain in the development of Ricoeur’s future thought and initiatives: not only his imprisonment during the war, in 1939 in the Wietzendorf camp in Lower Saxony, but also his collaboration on the journal “Esprit” with his friend Emmanuel Mounier, and later his teaching at the new University of Nanterre, of which he is Doyen precisely in the troubled years of student protests (between 1969 and 1970). Faced with May ‘68, at first Ricoeur tries to protect and meet student demands, but then, in the face of the excesses and violence, he takes a critical stance and tries to protect the sense and prestige of the university institution. After his resignation, the long twenty years of his theoretical and hermeneutical philosophy begins, with the three years at Leuven and then the nineteen years at the Uni versity of Chicago, at the Divinity School. Politics remains in the background of the philosophy of religion, but it comes alive in the Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, in the courses on political imagination he holds overseas, in the folds of his philosophy of action that already becomes applied ethics; it then re-explodes in the years of his full maturity, after the sad personal events that bring him back to moral philosophy: it is the time of Self as Another, of Memory, History, Forgetting. The late 1990s and the beginning of the new century reaffirm the primacy of the themes of justice, peace and social recognition, with The Just and The Course of Recognition. Taking this path, some scholars agree that there was an evolution in Ricoeur's political thought that led him from radicalism to reformism. Others place his theoretical positions within the conflict between socialism and liberalism. Still others highlight his affiliation with the great voices of Christianity committed to peace and social solidarity. The purpose of this issue of Acta Philosophica, and of the international authors who have offered their contributions, is to reconstruct, understand and interpret the moments of this long human and philosophical commitment of Ricoeur's, without enclosing it in a mere chronological approach, but on the contrary adopting a unified vision that uses the tools he himself chose in his intellectual autobiography to make his itinerary understood: critique and conviction.
Questo numero monografico della Rivista Acta Philosophica dedicato a “Paul Ricoeur pacifista” si propone di fare luce sui primi anni dell’impegno culturale e politico del filosofo francese (1936-1939) in cui appaiono i suoi articoli sulla rivista Terre Nouvelle, organo dei Chretiens Revolutionnaires messa all’Indice dal Sant’Uffizio nel 1936, e sulla rivista Christianism Social (1946-1960). Senza pubblicare in modo integrale gli articoli, si offre ai lettori la possibilità di leggere alcuni passaggi degli interventi più incisivi di Ricoeur sul pacifismo, sugli scenari politici dell’Europa poco prima dello scoppio della Seconda Guerra Mondiale e alla fine della guerra, sui temi della filosofia cristiana piegati alla comprensione della realtà complessa di quel momento storico. Si fornisce una lettura storica di questo passaggio esistenziale di Ricoeur con la ricerca dei documenti su Terre Nouvelle provenienti dall’Archivio del Sant’Offizio e dalle fonti e le testimonianze che il Vaticano ha reso disponibili alla consultazione e all’analisi degli storici (a questo proposito, non mancherà un approfondimento sull’importanza dei cristiano sociali nella storia politica europea ed italiana). Queste prime testimonianze dell’impegno politico restano nello sviluppo del pensiero e delle iniziative future di Ricoeur: non soltanto la prigionia durante la guerra, nel 1939 nel campo di Wietzendorf in Bassa Sassonia (dove comincia a tradurre con Mikel Dufrenne le Idee per una fenomenologia pura e per una filosofia fenomenologica di Husserl), ma anche la collaborazione alla rivista Esprit con l’amico Emmanuel Mounier, e più avanti l’insegnamento nella nuova Università di Nanterre, di cui è Decano proprio negli anni caldi delle contestazioni studentesche (tra il 1969 e il 1970). Davanti al Maggio ’68, all’inizio Ricoeur cerca di proteggere e venire incontro alle richieste studentesche, ma poi, davanti agli eccessi e alla violenza, assume una posizione critica e cerca di tutelare il senso e il prestigio dell’istituzione universitaria. Dopo le dimissioni, comincia il lungo ventennio della sua filosofia teoretica ed ermeneutica, con i tre anni di Lovanio e poi i diciannove anni all’Università di Chicago, alla Divinity School. La politica resta sullo sfondo della filosofia della religione, ma si fa viva nelle Conferenze su Ideologia e Utopia, nei corsi sull’immaginazione politica che tiene oltreoceano, nelle pieghe della sua filosofia dell’azione che si fa già etica applicata; riesplode poi negli anni della piena maturità, dopo le tristi vicende personali che lo riportano alla filosofia morale: è il tempo di Sé come un altro, di La memoria, la storia, l’oblio. La fine degli anni Novanta e l’inizio del nuovo secolo riaffermano il primato dei temi della giustizia, della pace e del riconoscimento sociale, con Il Giusto e Percorsi del Riconoscimento. Prendendo in esame questo percorso, alcuni studiosi concordano sul fatto che ci sia stata un’evoluzione nel pensiero politico di Ricoeur che lo ha portato dal radicalismo al riformismo. Altri collocano le sue posizioni teoriche all’interno del conflitto tra il socialismo e il liberalismo. Altri ancora ne evidenziano l’appartenenza alle grandi voci del cristianesimo impegnato per la pace e la solidarietà sociale. Lo scopo di questo numero di Acta Philosophica e degli autori internazionali che hanno offerto il loto contributo, è quello di ricostruire, comprendere e interpretare i momenti di questo lungo impegno umano e filosofico di Ricoeur, senza rinchiuderlo in un mero approccio cronologico, ma al contrario adottando una visione unitaria che utilizzi gli strumenti da lui stesso scelti nella sua autobiografia intellettuale per far comprendere il suo itinerario: la critica e la convinzione.
Paul Ricoeur pacifista. Dal cristianesimo sociale di Terre Nouvelle all'etica della politica.
Fabrizia Abbate;Carlo Felice Casula;
2023-01-01
Abstract
This monographic issue of the journal Acta Philosophica dedicated to “Paul Ricoeur pacifist” aims to shed light on the early years of the French philosopher’s cultural and political engagement (1936-1939) in which his articles appear in the journal “Terre Nouvelle”, organ of the Chretiens Revolutionnaires put on the Index by the Holy Office in 1936, and in the journal Christianism Social (1946-1960). Without publishing the articles in their entirety, readers are offered the opportunity to read some passages from Ricoeur’s most incisive interventions on pacifism, on the political scenarios of Europe just before the outbreak of World War II, and on the themes of Christian philosophy bent to understanding the complex reality of that historical moment. A historical reading of this existential passage of Ricoeur is provided with the research of the documents on “Terre Nouvelle” from the Archives of the Holy Office and from the sources and testimonies that the Vatican has made available for consultation and analysis by historians (in this regard, there will be no lack of an in-depth study of the importance of Christian socialists in European and Italian political history). These early evidences of political engagement remain in the development of Ricoeur’s future thought and initiatives: not only his imprisonment during the war, in 1939 in the Wietzendorf camp in Lower Saxony, but also his collaboration on the journal “Esprit” with his friend Emmanuel Mounier, and later his teaching at the new University of Nanterre, of which he is Doyen precisely in the troubled years of student protests (between 1969 and 1970). Faced with May ‘68, at first Ricoeur tries to protect and meet student demands, but then, in the face of the excesses and violence, he takes a critical stance and tries to protect the sense and prestige of the university institution. After his resignation, the long twenty years of his theoretical and hermeneutical philosophy begins, with the three years at Leuven and then the nineteen years at the Uni versity of Chicago, at the Divinity School. Politics remains in the background of the philosophy of religion, but it comes alive in the Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, in the courses on political imagination he holds overseas, in the folds of his philosophy of action that already becomes applied ethics; it then re-explodes in the years of his full maturity, after the sad personal events that bring him back to moral philosophy: it is the time of Self as Another, of Memory, History, Forgetting. The late 1990s and the beginning of the new century reaffirm the primacy of the themes of justice, peace and social recognition, with The Just and The Course of Recognition. Taking this path, some scholars agree that there was an evolution in Ricoeur's political thought that led him from radicalism to reformism. Others place his theoretical positions within the conflict between socialism and liberalism. Still others highlight his affiliation with the great voices of Christianity committed to peace and social solidarity. The purpose of this issue of Acta Philosophica, and of the international authors who have offered their contributions, is to reconstruct, understand and interpret the moments of this long human and philosophical commitment of Ricoeur's, without enclosing it in a mere chronological approach, but on the contrary adopting a unified vision that uses the tools he himself chose in his intellectual autobiography to make his itinerary understood: critique and conviction.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.