Human exposure to 5G systems: experimental analysis and measurement issues in FR1 and FR2 operating bands

This paper provides an overview of the EMF exposure assessment issues identified in the 5G-related measurement campaigns conducted in three different countries (Austria, Italy, and Malaysia). The research presented here results from both short and long-term experimental analyses in the 5G-frequency ranges (i.e. FR1 and FR2). Even though conducted analysis meets the EMF exposure regulations, such as the ones from ICNIRP and IEEE, some of the complex issues resulted in increased measurement uncertainty and variability of the obtained data in both frequency ranges, thus highlighting the crucial role of the measurement procedures and of measurement set-ups for reliably estimating EMF human exposure to 5G systems. The achieved results could be of particular interest to researchers and technical committees involved in standardizing and refining measurement methods and procedures, to make them effectively applicable in most practical situations.