Endovascular treatment of vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula through a superior ophthalmic vein approach

This report describes endovascular approaches for occlusion of vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula (W-AVF) in a series of three cases and a review of the literature. Complete neuroimaging assessment, including CT, MR and DSA was performed in three patients (two female, one male) with W-AVF. Based on DSA findings, the W-AVF were occluded by endovascular positioning of detachable balloons (case 1), coils (case 2), or a combination of both (case 3) with parent artery patency in two out of three cases. In this small series, endovascular techniques for occlusion of W-AVF were safe and effective methods of treatment. To date, there are no guidelines on the best treatment for W-AVF. Detachable balloons, endovascular coiling, combined embolization procedures could all be considered well-tolerated treatments.